The transport in the brain exhibits numerous unique pathophysiological characteristics, including a tightly regulated blood-brain barrier and circadian rhythm. The normal blood-brain barrier precisely controls the transvascular transport of cells, molecules, and drugs. Its permeability periodically fluctuates in accordance with the circadian rhythm. These are precisely orchestrated processes that ultimately impact neuronal activities and cognitive functions. Disruption of these processes is believed to induce neuroinflammation, leading to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s Disease and AD-related dementia. Our current research endeavors to develop a microphysiological platform that elucidates the full spectrum of neuroinflammation and brain diseases.